Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Crotalaria madurensis (Family Fabaceae)

Two new triterpenoid saponins have been isolated from leaves and flowers of Crotalaria madurensis Wight&Arn named; sophradiol 3-O-β-D-C1-glucopyranosyl-(1''→4')-O-β-DC1 glucuronopyranoside (3) and sophradiol 3-Oα-LC4rhamnopyranosyl (1'''→4'')-O-ß-D-C1 glucopranosyl-(1''→6')-O-ß-DC1-glucopyranoside (4) beside myo-inositol (1) and three other triterpene saponin their structures were established as sophradiol 3-O-ß-D-C1-glucuronopyranoside (2) 3, 23dihydroxyl olean 12-en 28-oic acid 3-Oα-L-C4rhamnopyranoside (1''→6')O-β-DC1glucopyranoside (5) 23hydroxy-3α-[O-α-L-C4-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''→4') O-α-LC1-arabinopyranosyl-oxy] olean-12-en-28-oic acid O-α-LC4-rhamnopyranosyl(1'''''→4'''')-O-β-DC1-glucopyranosyl-(1''''→6''')-O-β-DC1-glucopyranosyl ester (6). In addition to six flavonoids identified as Quercetin 3-O-α-L-C4-rhamnopyranosyl-(1'''→2'')-O-ß-DC1-glucopyranoside (7), rutin (8), isoquercitrin (9), quercetrin (10), 8-Hydroxy quercetin 3-O-ß-D-arabinopyranoside (11), and quercetin (12). The structures elucidated by chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis (1 & 2D-NMR, ESI-MS/MS and UV). Aqueous alcoholic extract; total saponins fraction and certain pure compounds have significant antischistosomal activity, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and improve the liver function. Anti-bacterial studies of different extracts on both gram negative and gram positive bacteria showed inhibition of the growth of certain microorganism.